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Political Theory Mastery Quiz: Set 1 (Liberalism, Marxism & Modern Theories)

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1. Welfarism or welfare state is related to which stream of liberalism?

  1. Classical Liberalism
  2. Modern or Positive Liberalism
  3. Libertarianism
  4. Neoliberalism
Show Answer
Correct Answer: B
Welfarism or welfare state is related to modern or positive liberalism; classical liberalism believes in minimal state—state as a necessary evil[cite: 2].
2. Nozick called taxation (aimed towards distributive justice) as:

  1. Social justice
  2. Legitimate redistribution
  3. Forced labour
  4. Voluntary contribution
Show Answer
Correct Answer: C
Distributive justice is an anathema to Libertarianism; Nozick called taxation for this purpose “forced labour”[cite: 2].
3. A “Laissez-faire” or “nightwatchman” state is unacceptable to:

  1. Classical Liberalism
  2. Libertarianism
  3. Individualism
  4. Modern or Positive Liberalism
Show Answer
Correct Answer: D
Modern or positive liberalism supports a welfare state and distributive justice, rejecting the non-interfering nightwatchman state[cite: 2].
4. Which term is NOT related with Liberalism?

  1. Possessive individualism
  2. Market Economy
  3. Dirigisme
  4. Universalism
Show Answer
Correct Answer: C
Dirigisme is a state-directed economy where the state rectifies market imperfections; this is unacceptable to (classical) liberalism[cite: 2].
5. Which term is NOT related with Marxism?

  1. Class struggle
  2. Hegemony
  3. Value pluralism
  4. Materialism
Show Answer
Correct Answer: C
Marxism imposes a uniform value over all in a socialist/communist society; it does not believe in Value pluralism[cite: 2].
6. Which is NOT correct about post-Marxism?

  1. Rejects economic determinism
  2. Influenced by poststructuralism
  3. Supported primacy of working class in socialism
  4. Propounded by Laclau and Mouffe
Show Answer
Correct Answer: C
The reverse is correct; post-Marxism does not support the primacy of the working class in socialism[cite: 2].
7. Which is NOT correct about post-positivism?

  1. Observations are not value-neutral
  2. Theories influence what is observed
  3. Balance between quantitative and qualitative methods
  4. Rejected the idea of objective truth
Show Answer
Correct Answer: D
Post-positivism didn’t reject the idea of objective truth, as it was still rooted in core principles of positivism[cite: 2].
8. Which is NOT correct about the critical theories?

  1. Aims for human emancipation
  2. Frankfurt school is a mainstay
  3. Emerges from various social movements
  4. Rejects modernism and fully supports post-modernism
Show Answer
Correct Answer: D
Critical theory rejects modernism but is also critical of the post-modernist approach[cite: 2].
9. Which is NOT correct about post-behaviouralism?

  1. Propounded by David Easton
  2. Value-neutrality
  3. Action-oriented
  4. Slogan of “relevance”
Show Answer
Correct Answer: C
Post-behaviouralism rejected value-neutrality and gave due importance to values in politics.
10. Which concept is NOT related to Behaviouralism?

  1. Fact-value separation
  2. Quantification
  3. Value pluralism
  4. Pure science
Show Answer
Correct Answer: E
Behaviouralism emphasized observation and fact-value separation, not Value pluralism.
11. For John Rawls, what was the first virtue of any social order?

  1. Equality
  2. Rights
  3. Justice
  4. Peace
Show Answer
Correct Answer: C
Justice is considered the first virtue of social institutions by Rawls[cite: 4, 38].
12. Which is NOT correct of Multiculturalism?

  1. Protects disadvantaged groups
  2. Supports group differentiated Rights
  3. Avoid cultural relativism
  4. Responds to cultural differences
Show Answer
Correct Answer: C
Multiculturalism actually believes in cultural relativism.
13. Communitarianism is very similar to:

  1. Communism
  2. Socialism
  3. Liberal Doctrine (one current)
  4. None of the above
Show Answer
Correct Answer: D
(Liberal) Communitarianism is a stream within the liberal doctrine, not similar to Communism/Socialism.
14. Which thinker is the “odd one out” among Communitarians?

  1. Michael Sandel
  2. Robert Nozick
  3. Michael Walzer
  4. Charles Taylor
Show Answer
Correct Answer: B
Robert Nozick was a Libertarian, while the others are famous communitarians.
15. Truth relative to the moral standard of a person or group is called:

  1. Cultural Relativism
  2. Moral Relativism
  3. Value Pluralism
  4. Ethical Relativism
Show Answer
Correct Answer: D
This is the standard definition of Moral Relativism.
16. Universal Human Rights is most associated with:

  1. Liberalism
  2. Communitarianism
  3. Post-structuralism
  4. Constructivism
Show Answer
Correct Answer: A
Universalism and universal human rights are central to liberal thought.
17. Which is NOT related to Post-modernism?

  1. No objective truth
  2. Deconstruction
  3. Believes in Meta Narratives
  4. Knowledge-Power link
Show Answer
Correct Answer: D
Post-modernism rejects meta-narratives (grand historical accounts)[cite: 4, 6].
18. Which is NOT correct about Derrida’s deconstructivism?

  1. Written Texts as “sites of conflict”
  2. Uses Genealogy
  3. Supported Platonism
  4. Binary opposition hierarchy
Show Answer
Correct Answer: E
Deconstructivism rejected Platonism and its transcendental structure.
19. When Dworkin calls Rights as “Trumps”, he means:

  1. Individual rights take priority over common good
  2. Rights are creation of the state
  3. Rights and common good must balance
  4. Rights are fruits of the law
Show Answer
Correct Answer: D
Dworkin meant certain liberties are so vital they cannot be sacrificed for the common good[cite: 6, 45].
20. Who said “Rights are the fruits of the law…creation of the state alone”?

  1. T.H. Green
  2. Jeremy Bentham
  3. Edmund Burke
  4. Harold Laski
Show Answer
Correct Answer: C
Jeremy Bentham was a staunch supporter of legal rights and critic of natural rights.

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